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Conduction Cold Terminal with Convection of Nitrogen and HTS (CdCt-CvN2HTS) 10-70 kA
- Current: 10-70 kA
- Coolant: Conduction (Dry terminal) + Convection (LN2 cooling with HTS)
This advanced system integrates High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) material with a multi-stage cooling strategy, specifically engineered to eliminate the need for liquid helium bath submersion at the cold terminal.
These current leads are custom-designed for demanding applications with operating currents ranging from 10 kA to 70 kA.
The current lead is structurally and thermally divided into two sections:
- Section 1, The Resistive Section: Actively cooled via convection using liquid nitrogen (LN2). As the LN2 vaporizes, the resulting nitrogen gas flows through internal cooling channels toward the atmosphere. Utilizing LN2 as the sole active coolant for the resistive copper components minimizes the overall cryogenic heat load. By combining this convection cooling with a conduction-cooled cold terminal, the need for helium is entirely eliminated.
- Section 2, The HTS Section: This section utilizes HTS material to transfer current from the resistive portion down to the cold terminal. Because HTS material is a poor thermal conductor compared to copper and operates with zero resistive electrical losses, the heat conducted toward the cold end is exceptionally low. The design ensures the intersection point between the resistive and HTS sections is maintained at a carefully controlled, fixed temperature safely below the critical temperature (TC) of the selected HTS material.
- Conduction Cold Terminal (CdCt): Differentiating it from traditional models that submerge the lower section in a liquid bath, cooling at the cold end in this “dry” system is achieved strictly via thermal conduction at the mechanical clamping point.
