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CdCt with Convection of Helium and HTS
- Current: 10-70 kA
- Coolant: Conduction (Dry terminal) + Convection (Helium cooling with HTS)
This advanced system integrates High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) material with a strictly helium-based convection cooling strategy, engineered to eliminate the need for liquid helium bath submersion at the cold terminal.
Designed for continuous operating currents ranging from 10 kA to 70 kA, this configuration is exceptionally well-suited for demanding high-current applications, including high-field superconducting magnets and advanced fusion reactor systems.
The current lead is structurally and thermally divided into distinct operational zones:
- Section 1 (The Resistive Section): Actively cooled via convection using cold helium gas. As the helium flows through internal cooling channels toward the warm end, it effectively intercepts and extracts heat from the resistive copper components. Utilizing available helium vapor provides highly efficient cooling while minimizing the overall cryogenic heat load.
- Section 2 (The HTS Section): This section utilizes HTS material to transfer current from the resistive portion down to the cold terminal. Because HTS material is a poor thermal conductor compared to copper and operates with zero resistive electrical losses, the heat conducted toward the cold end remains exceptionally low. The design ensures the intersection point between the resistive and HTS sections is maintained at a carefully controlled, fixed temperature strictly below the critical temperature () of the selected HTS material.
- Conduction Cold Terminal (CdCt): Differentiating it from traditional models that submerge the lower section in a liquid bath, cooling at the cold end in this “dry” system is achieved strictly via thermal conduction at the mechanical clamping point.
